PSI is trying to make a business out of AI-driven scientific discovery

Résumé détaillé

PSI used an unreleased Anthropic model to answer a fundamental question about quantum computing that scientists have pursued for nearly two decades.

David Turturean, a recent MIT graduate and a member of the technical staff at the startup lab Physical Superintelligence (PSI), used early access to Anthropic’s Fable 5.2 model to solve an 18-year-old problem about quantum computing.

The problem in question, the Aaronson-Ambainis conjecture, concerns the ability of quantum computers to solve problems faster than classical ones. Scott Aaronson, one of the two researchers who posed the problem, writes that he doesn’t quite understand the proof, but that he believes it’s correct because it was autoformalized in Lean, a coding language for math, and explained by a team of top researchers with whom PSI shared the solution.

The solution appears to close the door on one avenue quantum computers could follow to solve certain difficult problems at high speed, but not all of them. “It’s a negative result that allows people to know, okay, we’re no longer looking there,” Turturean said.

More broadly, it reflects the upheaval in the scientific world caused by AI problem-solving.

“A proof of full [Aaronson-Ambainis conjecture] was one of the last remaining open problems in quantum query complexity that everyone seemed to agree was centrally important,” Aaronson, who described himself feeling satisfied, awestruck, disappointed, and fatigued by the news, wrote. “I was surprised, honestly, to see it missing from OpenAI’s Mathocalypse dump a few weeks ago. Surely they tried it, so was it really so much harder than all the problems that were solved?”

That’s a point in favor of PSI’s model, which is to solve scientific problems with specialized model harnesses and scaffolding.

“An effective kind of research system should have lots of things related to harnesses, lots related to tools, memory systems, simulation infrastructure,” PSI CEO Matt Pines told TechCrunch. “You want to be able to really go after a problem at breadth and depth, and be able to consider a wide range of potential alternatives.”

For now, the company’s revenue comes from…

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