The October 2026 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices

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The October 2026 Senior Loan Officer Opinion Survey on Bank Lending Practices (SLOOS) addressed changes in the standards, terms, and demand for bank loans to businesses and households over the past three months, which generally corresponds to the third quarter of 2026.1

Questions on commercial and industrial lending. Over the third quarter, banks reported that lending standards for commercial and industrial (C&I) loans to large and middle-market firms were basically unchanged, while standards tightened for C&I loans to small firms.2, 3 In addition, banks reported having eased or left basically unchanged most queried terms for C&I loans to firms of all sizes. As exceptions, banks reported tightening standards for premiums charged on riskier loans for firms of all sizes.

Banks reported weaker demand, on net, for C&I loans from firms of all sizes. As important reasons for weaker demand, banks cited decreasing customer investment in plant or equipment products and customer borrowing shifting to more attractive bank or nonbank funding sources. Foreign banks reported having left standards basically unchanged and stronger demand for C&I loans.

Questions on commercial real estate lending. Banks reported having tightened, on net, lending standards for all commercial real estate (CRE) loan categories: those secured by construction and land development, nonfarm nonresidential properties, and multifamily properties. Furthermore, banks reported weaker demand for all CRE loan categories. In addition, foreign banks reported tighter standards and stronger demand for CRE loans on net.

Questions on residential real estate…

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